For any company the first step in a carbon management program is to measure accurately the level of carbon emissions associated with their business activities. Companies need to be able to accurately benchmark themselves to reduce the carbon footprints of their operations and compare their performance with peer group companies. In order to do this, consistent units of measurement need to be employed and reporting boundaries need to be clearly defined

Cement
WBCSD Cement Initiative
http://www.wbcsd.org
In June 2005, WBCSD produced a protocol for measuring and reporting CO2 emissions that is consistent with the WRI/WBCSD Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol. This industry specific protocol is intended as a tool for cement companies worldwide. It provides a harmonized methodology for calculating CO2 emissions, with a view to reporting these emissions for various purposes. It addresses all direct and the main indirect sources of CO2 emissions related to the cement manufacturing process in absolute as well as specific or unit-based terms.

Semiconductor
World Semiconductor Council (WSC)
http://www.semiconductorcouncil.org
A key program of the World Semiconductor Council (WSC) calls for members to reduce perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions by at least 10% by 2010, even as semiconductor production is increasing. PFCs have 6,500 times the greenhouse warming potential of carbon dioxide. In Taiwan, the largest semiconductor players are committed through the Taiwan Semiconductor Industrial Association (TSIA) which is a member of WSC, to this PFC reduction program and the external verification of PFC emissions data. The Korean government has also entered into voluntary agreements with WSC with which it encourages participation by companies such as Samsung Electronics.

Airlines
International Air Transport Association IATA
http://www.iata.org
In response to an estimate by IATA that inefficient air traffic management is responsible for losses amounting to 12% of total fuel consumption, IATA has adopting the GHG Protocol as their internationally accepted monitoring, verification and reporting protocol and complemented it with aviation-specific requirements.

Petroleum
American Petroleum Institute (API)
http://ghg.api.org/napiagg.asp
API's SANGEA software helps petroleum company's measure and report GHG emissions. Originally developed by Chevron Texaco and donated to the API, this program is designed to assist petroleum companies with estimating, managing, and reporting GHG emissions by aggregating the GHG data received and providing an industry-wide snapshot of emissions levels for reporting entities.

Steel
International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI)
http://www.worldsteel.org
IISI uses an intensity-based approach to measure carbon dioxide emissions, taking into account the CO2 produced per tonne of steel rather than the total carbon dioxide emissions within a country or region. This globally consistent calculation methodology allows production normalised CO2 emission comparisons between regions that are not possible today. It is based on elements of the GHG Protocol.

Automotive
International Standards for Automotive Industry
The automotive industry is subject to CO2 emissions standards in the United States, California (with particular regulations), Europe, Canada, and China. In Korea reporting guidelines have also been designated by the Korea Automobile Manufacturers Association.

Utilities – Taiwan
http://w2kdmz1.moea.gov.tw/english/index.asp
Taiwan's Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs (BEMEA) provides requirement and standards for reporting emissions in Taiwan's utilities sector.

Petroleum - Taiwan
http://www.moeaidb.gov.tw/external/ctlr?PRO=index&lang=1
Taiwan's Industrial Development Bureau also has a protocol regarding carbon in petrol and diesel fuel as stated in a publication by Industrial Development Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs published in 2004.

Other Sectors
Additional sector-specific standards for GHG emissions can be found within the GHG Protocol web site.